BIOL 251 Unit Exam 1 Part 2 | Cardiovascular & Blood Physiology | ECG Interpretation & Heart Anatomy | Verified Answers 2026

Advance your understanding of the human heart and blood with this verified BIOL 251 Unit Exam 1 (Part 2) solution guide. This document provides 100% correct answers and expert feedback for Chapter 18 (Blood) and Chapter 19 (The Cardiovascular System). Inside, you will find detailed explanations of Blood Composition, including formed elements, plasma proteins (Albumin), and the typical lifespan of leukocytes. It clarifies complex concepts such as thrombosis, types of anemia, and blood type prevalence (O+). The guide also breaks down Cardiac Output (CO = HR x SV), internal heart structures like the Mitral and Tricuspid valves, and the differences between systemic and pulmonary circulation. Whether you are studying for a Portage Learning exam or preparing for the NCLEX, this 2026 updated guide provides the verified rationales needed to master heart physiology and secure your A+.