1
NR 507 / NR507 Midterm Exam Actual
Exam 2026/2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology | Chamberlain |
Questions with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Pass Guaranteed
Q001: A 68-year-old male presents with crushing chest pain that radiates to the left
arm. Laboratory findings show elevated troponin I and ST-segment elevation on
ECG. Which pathophysiologic process is primarily responsible for these findings?
Options:
A. Venous stasis leading to pulmonary embolism
B. Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed thrombus causing
transmural myocardial infarction - CORRECT
C. Coronary-artery vasospasm without plaque rupture
D. Cardiac valve vegetation embolizing to coronary vessels
ANSWER: B
Q002: A 45-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus develops
hematuria, proteinuria, and red-cell casts. Renal biopsy reveals subendothelial
immune-complex deposition along the glomerular basement membrane. Which
type of hypersensitivity reaction mediates this renal injury?
Options:
A. Type I (IgE-mediated)
B. Type II (cytotoxic antibody)
C. Type III (immune-complex mediated) - CORRECT
, 2
D. Type IV (delayed T-cell mediated)
ANSWER: C
Q003: A 55-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history develops
progressive dyspnea and barrel chest. Arterial blood gases show PaO₂ 55 mmHg,
PaCO₂ 65 mmHg, and pH 7.32. Which pathophysiologic mechanism best explains
the hypercapnia?
Options:
A. Increased alveolar ventilation with high V/Q ratio
B. Destruction of alveolar septae and loss of elastic recoil leading to air trapping
and hypoventilation - CORRECT
C. Diffusion impairment due to thickened alveolar membrane
D. Right-to-left anatomic shunt
ANSWER: B
Q004: A 30-year-old African-American male presents with bilateral renal masses
and hematuria. Imaging shows multiple cysts in both kidneys, and family history is
positive for similar findings. Which genetic mutation underlies the pathogenesis of
this disorder?
Options:
A. PKD1 encoding polycystin-1 - CORRECT
B. VHL gene on chromosome 3
C. WT1 tumor suppressor
D. CFTR chloride channel
ANSWER: A
Q005: A 70-year-old female with long-standing hypertension presents with sudden-
onset tearing chest pain radiating to the back. CT angiography shows a dissection
flap in the descending aorta. Which histopathologic change predisposed to this
event?
, 3
Options:
A. Medial degeneration with elastic-fiber fragmentation and smooth-muscle cell
loss - CORRECT
B. Intimal hyperplasia with lipid deposition
C. Adventitial fibrosis and neovascularization
D. Calcific band within the media
ANSWER: A
Q006: A 25-year-old male develops dark urine, edema, and hypertension 10 days
after a streptococcal throat infection. Renal biopsy shows diffuse endocapillary
proliferative glomerulonephritis with subepithelial humps on electron microscopy.
Which pathogenetic mechanism triggered this lesion?
Options:
A. Direct bacterial invasion of glomeruli
B. Deposition of streptococcal antigen-antibody complexes in glomeruli -
CORRECT
C. Antibody-mediated attack on glomerular basement membrane
D. T-cell mediated hypersensitivity to streptococcal superantigen
ANSWER: B
Q007: A 60-year-old diabetic patient presents with painless hematuria and mild
proteinuria. Cystoscopy reveals a solid, papillary bladder mass. Which molecular
pathway is most frequently dysregulated in this neoplasm?
Options:
A. EGFR amplification
B. RAS-MAPK pathway activation
C. p53 and RB tumor-suppressor loss - CORRECT
D. Beta-catenin mutation
NR 507 / NR507 Midterm Exam Actual
Exam 2026/2027 | Advanced
Pathophysiology | Chamberlain |
Questions with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Pass Guaranteed
Q001: A 68-year-old male presents with crushing chest pain that radiates to the left
arm. Laboratory findings show elevated troponin I and ST-segment elevation on
ECG. Which pathophysiologic process is primarily responsible for these findings?
Options:
A. Venous stasis leading to pulmonary embolism
B. Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed thrombus causing
transmural myocardial infarction - CORRECT
C. Coronary-artery vasospasm without plaque rupture
D. Cardiac valve vegetation embolizing to coronary vessels
ANSWER: B
Q002: A 45-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus develops
hematuria, proteinuria, and red-cell casts. Renal biopsy reveals subendothelial
immune-complex deposition along the glomerular basement membrane. Which
type of hypersensitivity reaction mediates this renal injury?
Options:
A. Type I (IgE-mediated)
B. Type II (cytotoxic antibody)
C. Type III (immune-complex mediated) - CORRECT
, 2
D. Type IV (delayed T-cell mediated)
ANSWER: C
Q003: A 55-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history develops
progressive dyspnea and barrel chest. Arterial blood gases show PaO₂ 55 mmHg,
PaCO₂ 65 mmHg, and pH 7.32. Which pathophysiologic mechanism best explains
the hypercapnia?
Options:
A. Increased alveolar ventilation with high V/Q ratio
B. Destruction of alveolar septae and loss of elastic recoil leading to air trapping
and hypoventilation - CORRECT
C. Diffusion impairment due to thickened alveolar membrane
D. Right-to-left anatomic shunt
ANSWER: B
Q004: A 30-year-old African-American male presents with bilateral renal masses
and hematuria. Imaging shows multiple cysts in both kidneys, and family history is
positive for similar findings. Which genetic mutation underlies the pathogenesis of
this disorder?
Options:
A. PKD1 encoding polycystin-1 - CORRECT
B. VHL gene on chromosome 3
C. WT1 tumor suppressor
D. CFTR chloride channel
ANSWER: A
Q005: A 70-year-old female with long-standing hypertension presents with sudden-
onset tearing chest pain radiating to the back. CT angiography shows a dissection
flap in the descending aorta. Which histopathologic change predisposed to this
event?
, 3
Options:
A. Medial degeneration with elastic-fiber fragmentation and smooth-muscle cell
loss - CORRECT
B. Intimal hyperplasia with lipid deposition
C. Adventitial fibrosis and neovascularization
D. Calcific band within the media
ANSWER: A
Q006: A 25-year-old male develops dark urine, edema, and hypertension 10 days
after a streptococcal throat infection. Renal biopsy shows diffuse endocapillary
proliferative glomerulonephritis with subepithelial humps on electron microscopy.
Which pathogenetic mechanism triggered this lesion?
Options:
A. Direct bacterial invasion of glomeruli
B. Deposition of streptococcal antigen-antibody complexes in glomeruli -
CORRECT
C. Antibody-mediated attack on glomerular basement membrane
D. T-cell mediated hypersensitivity to streptococcal superantigen
ANSWER: B
Q007: A 60-year-old diabetic patient presents with painless hematuria and mild
proteinuria. Cystoscopy reveals a solid, papillary bladder mass. Which molecular
pathway is most frequently dysregulated in this neoplasm?
Options:
A. EGFR amplification
B. RAS-MAPK pathway activation
C. p53 and RB tumor-suppressor loss - CORRECT
D. Beta-catenin mutation
