1.Wilhelm Wundt
ANS Physiologist who established the first psychology lab in Leipzig in
1879 and attempted to bring objectivity and measurement to
psychology
2.Edward Titchener
ANS Student of Wundt's who expanded on his ideas and founded
structuralism
3.William James
ANS Founded functionalism and studied evolutionary psychology
4.Max Wertheimer
ANS Believed psychology could only be understood as a whole and
founded Gestalt psychology
5.Sigmund Freud
ANS Founded psychoanalysis and stressed the role of early life
experiences and the unconscious
6.Ivan Pavlov
ANS Did studies with salivating dogs and classical conditioning; con-
tributed to behaviorism
7.John B. Watson
ANS Founded behaviorism, did studies with "Little Albert," and
thought psychologists should focus on observable behavior only
8.B. F. Skinner
ANS Expanded on behaviorism and did studies with rats; founded the
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, theory of operant conditioning
9.Abraham Maslow
ANS Humanist who developed the theory of self-actualization and a
hierarchy of needs
10.Carl Rogers
ANS Humanist who emphasized human potential (not Maslow)
11.Phineas Gage
ANS Man who had a large metal rod driven through his head and
suffered a personality change; subject of a case study
12.Ernst Weber
ANS Created the law of just noticeable differences (jnd)
13.Gustav Fechner
ANS Expanded on Weber's work and studied absolute threshold
14.Melzack and Wall
ANS Created gate control theory and hypothesized substance P
15.Eleanor Gibson
ANS Did research with the Visual Cliff
16.Müller-Lyer Illusion
ANS The illusion involving two straight lines relating to the corners
in buildings
17.Edward Thorndike
ANS Researched and outlined laws of learning voluntary re- sponses
with a puzzle box; created Law of Effect
18.Daniel Dennett
ANS Hypothesized that there were multiple streams of conscious- ness
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