ATLS 10th Edition – 2025/2026 Shock Questions (30 Q&A) | Hypovolemia, Neurogenic, Cardiac Output

This document presents 30 detailed exam-style questions and answers specifically focused on the topic of shock as outlined in the ATLS 10th Edition for the 2025/2026 academic year. It is an essential resource for anyone studying trauma care and preparing for ATLS assessments, offering a concentrated review of shock physiology, pathophysiology, and management protocols. Key topics include the types of shock (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, neurogenic, septic), the mechanisms of neurogenic shock, and the hemodynamic determinants such as cardiac output, stroke volume, preload, afterload, and venous return. It further explores early signs of shock, including tachycardia and vasoconstriction, as well as specific presentations like cardiac tamponade and massive transfusion criteria. Special considerations for populations such as elderly patients, renal-impaired individuals, and athletes are also addressed, emphasizing differences in physiological response and diagnostic challenges. Concepts such as Ohm’s Law applied to blood pressure and base deficit in metabolic acidosis are incorporated to support clinical reasoning. This document is ideal for: Medical students in trauma, emergency medicine, or surgical rotations Nursing students focusing on critical care or emergency pathways Paramedics and prehospital providers studying shock management Residents and junior doctors preparing for ATLS certification or board exams Healthcare professionals reviewing trauma physiology for practical or academic use Each answer is concise yet clinically relevant, making this document perfect for rapid review and mastering the foundational principles of shock in trauma care. Keywords: ATLS, shock classification, hypovolemic shock, neurogenic shock, cardiac output, preload, afterload, stroke volume, hemorrhagic shock, base deficit, cardiac tamponade, massive transfusion, trauma care, blood pressure physiology, trauma exam prep