GRAY'S ANATOMY FOR STUDENTS
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem: A junior clinician must choose between teaching gross
regional dissection vs. systemic dissection to illustrate how limb
compartments restrict spread of infection. Which approach best
demonstrates how fascial compartments influence the pattern
of infection spread and the functional deficits that follow?
A. Systemic dissection, because it emphasizes organ systems
across the body.
B. Gross regional dissection, because it preserves local fascial
planes and compartments.
C. Microscopic histology, because fascial composition is best
seen at cellular level.
D. Radiological imaging alone, because it shows soft tissue
compartments in living patients.
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences):
Regional dissection preserves intact relationships among
muscles, fascia, neurovascular bundles and compartment
boundaries, directly demonstrating how fascial compartments
contain or direct spread of infection and how increased
compartment pressure yields specific functional deficits (e.g.,
nerve compression). Gray’s emphasizes the pedagogic value of
regional anatomy to illustrate structure–function relationships
in situ. This approach makes the link between anatomic barriers
and clinical consequences tangible.
Rationale — Incorrect:
A. Systemic dissection organizes by organ systems but disrupts
local compartmental relationships important for understanding
localized spread.
C. Microscopic histology shows tissue composition but not
macroscopic compartment boundaries that determine spread.
D. Imaging can visualize compartments in vivo, but alone does
not provide the tactile, three-dimensional appreciation of
fascial planes that dissection offers.
Teaching Point: Regional dissection best demonstrates
compartmental anatomy and functional containment.
Citation: Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference: Ch. 1 — The Body — Imaging
Stem: A pregnant patient in her first trimester needs evaluation
for suspected appendicitis. Considering maternal and fetal
safety and diagnostic yield for appendicular anatomy, which
imaging strategy best balances anatomy visualization and risk?
A. Immediate contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen.
B. Begin with graded compression ultrasound, reserve MRI if
inconclusive.
C. Plain abdominal X-ray with contrast enema.
D. MRI only with gadolinium contrast to maximize anatomic
detail.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences):
Ultrasound is the preferred initial modality in pregnancy
because it uses no ionizing radiation and can often visualize the
inflamed appendix or periappendiceal fluid; graded
compression ultrasound directly assesses the appendix in its
anatomic position. MRI (without gadolinium) is the next best
option if ultrasound is inconclusive, offering superior soft-tissue
contrast and multiplanar anatomy without radiation. CT and
gadolinium contrast are generally avoided in early pregnancy
unless benefits outweigh risks.
Rationale — Incorrect:
A. CT exposes the fetus to ionizing radiation and should be
avoided when safer alternatives exist.
, C. Plain X-ray has poor sensitivity for appendicitis and exposes
radiation; contrast enema is not appropriate.
D. Gadolinium crosses the placenta and is avoided unless
absolutely necessary; MRI without contrast is preferred.
Teaching Point: Start with ultrasound in pregnancy; use MRI (no
gadolinium) if needed.
Citation: Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — The Body — Body systems
Stem: A physiotherapist links a patient’s exercise intolerance to
anatomic features of the cardiopulmonary system. Which
anatomical property most directly limits maximal oxygen
delivery during intense exercise?
A. Thickness of the bronchial cartilage.
B. Cross-sectional area of the pulmonary capillary bed and
alveolar–capillary surface.
C. Length of the intrapulmonary bronchi.
D. Number of bronchopulmonary segments in the lung.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences):
Maximal oxygen delivery during exercise depends on effective
gas exchange, which is governed by the large alveolar–capillary
surface area and an extensive pulmonary capillary network
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem: A junior clinician must choose between teaching gross
regional dissection vs. systemic dissection to illustrate how limb
compartments restrict spread of infection. Which approach best
demonstrates how fascial compartments influence the pattern
of infection spread and the functional deficits that follow?
A. Systemic dissection, because it emphasizes organ systems
across the body.
B. Gross regional dissection, because it preserves local fascial
planes and compartments.
C. Microscopic histology, because fascial composition is best
seen at cellular level.
D. Radiological imaging alone, because it shows soft tissue
compartments in living patients.
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences):
Regional dissection preserves intact relationships among
muscles, fascia, neurovascular bundles and compartment
boundaries, directly demonstrating how fascial compartments
contain or direct spread of infection and how increased
compartment pressure yields specific functional deficits (e.g.,
nerve compression). Gray’s emphasizes the pedagogic value of
regional anatomy to illustrate structure–function relationships
in situ. This approach makes the link between anatomic barriers
and clinical consequences tangible.
Rationale — Incorrect:
A. Systemic dissection organizes by organ systems but disrupts
local compartmental relationships important for understanding
localized spread.
C. Microscopic histology shows tissue composition but not
macroscopic compartment boundaries that determine spread.
D. Imaging can visualize compartments in vivo, but alone does
not provide the tactile, three-dimensional appreciation of
fascial planes that dissection offers.
Teaching Point: Regional dissection best demonstrates
compartmental anatomy and functional containment.
Citation: Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference: Ch. 1 — The Body — Imaging
Stem: A pregnant patient in her first trimester needs evaluation
for suspected appendicitis. Considering maternal and fetal
safety and diagnostic yield for appendicular anatomy, which
imaging strategy best balances anatomy visualization and risk?
A. Immediate contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen.
B. Begin with graded compression ultrasound, reserve MRI if
inconclusive.
C. Plain abdominal X-ray with contrast enema.
D. MRI only with gadolinium contrast to maximize anatomic
detail.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences):
Ultrasound is the preferred initial modality in pregnancy
because it uses no ionizing radiation and can often visualize the
inflamed appendix or periappendiceal fluid; graded
compression ultrasound directly assesses the appendix in its
anatomic position. MRI (without gadolinium) is the next best
option if ultrasound is inconclusive, offering superior soft-tissue
contrast and multiplanar anatomy without radiation. CT and
gadolinium contrast are generally avoided in early pregnancy
unless benefits outweigh risks.
Rationale — Incorrect:
A. CT exposes the fetus to ionizing radiation and should be
avoided when safer alternatives exist.
, C. Plain X-ray has poor sensitivity for appendicitis and exposes
radiation; contrast enema is not appropriate.
D. Gadolinium crosses the placenta and is avoided unless
absolutely necessary; MRI without contrast is preferred.
Teaching Point: Start with ultrasound in pregnancy; use MRI (no
gadolinium) if needed.
Citation: Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th
Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — The Body — Body systems
Stem: A physiotherapist links a patient’s exercise intolerance to
anatomic features of the cardiopulmonary system. Which
anatomical property most directly limits maximal oxygen
delivery during intense exercise?
A. Thickness of the bronchial cartilage.
B. Cross-sectional area of the pulmonary capillary bed and
alveolar–capillary surface.
C. Length of the intrapulmonary bronchi.
D. Number of bronchopulmonary segments in the lung.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences):
Maximal oxygen delivery during exercise depends on effective
gas exchange, which is governed by the large alveolar–capillary
surface area and an extensive pulmonary capillary network
