GRAY'S ANATOMY FOR STUDENTS
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem (A&P level)
A 62-year-old patient presents with progressive weakness of
grip and loss of fine hand coordination. You are asked to explain
how anatomists link structure to function to the medical
student on rounds. Which explanation most accurately reflects
the anatomist’s approach when interpreting how altered
muscle-tendon architecture produces decreased manual
dexterity?
Options
A. Function is inferred solely from gross organ size; smaller
muscles always produce less force.
B. Structure→function reasoning examines relationships among
,cells, tissues, and larger anatomy to explain functional
impairment.
C. Functional deficits are best understood by histology alone
because macroscopic relationships are irrelevant.
D. Function in clinical cases is primarily a product of genetics
and does not require anatomical correlation.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Anatomy links hierarchical structural levels (cells → tissues →
organs → systems) to function; clinicians infer how changes at
any level (e.g., muscle fiber loss, tendon shortening, altered
leverage) produce impaired grip. This integrated structure–
function interpretation is central to Gray’s approach. It explains
why both micro- and macroscopic features are evaluated to
understand clinical deficits.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Organ size alone is insufficient; architectural arrangement
and lever mechanics matter.
C. Histology is important but cannot replace macroscopic
relationships like tendon attachments and joint axes.
D. Genetics contribute but do not obviate the need for
anatomical correlation to explain mechanical dysfunction.
Teaching point
Anatomy interprets function by integrating microscopic and
macroscopic structural relationships.
,Citation
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem (A&P level)
A student confuses “anatomy” with “physiology” on an exam
question. As a teacher, which pairing best demonstrates the
correct anatomy → physiology relationship using the respiratory
system as the example?
Options
A. Anatomy: alveolar surface area; Physiology: gas exchange
efficiency.
B. Anatomy: lung ventilation rate; Physiology: bronchial
cartilage shape.
C. Anatomy: oxygen diffusion coefficient; Physiology: number of
pulmonary capillaries.
D. Anatomy: arterial oxygen content; Physiology: chest wall pain
perception.
Correct answer
A
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Anatomy describes structures (e.g., alveolar architecture
determining surface area); physiology explains how those
, structures perform (gas exchange efficiency). This pairing
reflects Gray’s emphasis on structure enabling function. The
other options swap or confuse structural versus functional
descriptors.
Rationale — Incorrect
B. Ventilation rate is a physiological process; bronchial cartilage
shape is anatomical — they are reversed.
C. Diffusion coefficient is a physical property
(physiology/physics); capillary number is anatomical —
mismatch.
D. Arterial oxygen content is physiological; chest wall pain
perception is sensory physiology, not a straightforward
structural descriptor.
Teaching point
Anatomy identifies structures; physiology explains what those
structures do.
Citation
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — Body systems
Stem (A&P level)
A patient with congestive heart failure shows peripheral edema.
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem (A&P level)
A 62-year-old patient presents with progressive weakness of
grip and loss of fine hand coordination. You are asked to explain
how anatomists link structure to function to the medical
student on rounds. Which explanation most accurately reflects
the anatomist’s approach when interpreting how altered
muscle-tendon architecture produces decreased manual
dexterity?
Options
A. Function is inferred solely from gross organ size; smaller
muscles always produce less force.
B. Structure→function reasoning examines relationships among
,cells, tissues, and larger anatomy to explain functional
impairment.
C. Functional deficits are best understood by histology alone
because macroscopic relationships are irrelevant.
D. Function in clinical cases is primarily a product of genetics
and does not require anatomical correlation.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Anatomy links hierarchical structural levels (cells → tissues →
organs → systems) to function; clinicians infer how changes at
any level (e.g., muscle fiber loss, tendon shortening, altered
leverage) produce impaired grip. This integrated structure–
function interpretation is central to Gray’s approach. It explains
why both micro- and macroscopic features are evaluated to
understand clinical deficits.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Organ size alone is insufficient; architectural arrangement
and lever mechanics matter.
C. Histology is important but cannot replace macroscopic
relationships like tendon attachments and joint axes.
D. Genetics contribute but do not obviate the need for
anatomical correlation to explain mechanical dysfunction.
Teaching point
Anatomy interprets function by integrating microscopic and
macroscopic structural relationships.
,Citation
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem (A&P level)
A student confuses “anatomy” with “physiology” on an exam
question. As a teacher, which pairing best demonstrates the
correct anatomy → physiology relationship using the respiratory
system as the example?
Options
A. Anatomy: alveolar surface area; Physiology: gas exchange
efficiency.
B. Anatomy: lung ventilation rate; Physiology: bronchial
cartilage shape.
C. Anatomy: oxygen diffusion coefficient; Physiology: number of
pulmonary capillaries.
D. Anatomy: arterial oxygen content; Physiology: chest wall pain
perception.
Correct answer
A
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
Anatomy describes structures (e.g., alveolar architecture
determining surface area); physiology explains how those
, structures perform (gas exchange efficiency). This pairing
reflects Gray’s emphasis on structure enabling function. The
other options swap or confuse structural versus functional
descriptors.
Rationale — Incorrect
B. Ventilation rate is a physiological process; bronchial cartilage
shape is anatomical — they are reversed.
C. Diffusion coefficient is a physical property
(physiology/physics); capillary number is anatomical —
mismatch.
D. Arterial oxygen content is physiological; chest wall pain
perception is sensory physiology, not a straightforward
structural descriptor.
Teaching point
Anatomy identifies structures; physiology explains what those
structures do.
Citation
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — Body systems
Stem (A&P level)
A patient with congestive heart failure shows peripheral edema.
