1|Page
RNSG 1301 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ (LATEST EXAM
VERSION!!!)
Describe the mechanism of action of corticosteroids on the
airway? - Answer-1) interfere w/ production of pro
inflammatory mediators (i.e. COX-2, bradykinin)
2) inhibition of innate immune system: interfere w/
migration of neutrophils to sites of infection
3) inhibition of acquired immune system- apoptosis of
activated T-lymphocytes- apoptosis of B-lymphocytes
(minimal effects on antibody production)
What are the cautions and contraindications for
decongestants such as oxymetazoline? - Answer-Cautions
& contraindications for decongestants:
Caution should be used when there is any lesion or
erosion in the mucous membranes that could lead to
,2|Page
systemic absorption. Caution should also be used in
patients with any condition that might be exacerbated by
sympathetic activity, such as glaucoma, hypertension,
diabetes, thyroid disease, coronary disease, or prostate
problems, because these agents have adrenergic
properties. Because there are no studies regarding the
effects of these topical drugs in pregnancy or lactation, if
used during pregnancy or lactation, caution is advised.
Compare and contrast mucolytics, decongestants,
expectorants, and antihistamines. - Answer-
List drug -food interactions of theophylline - Answer-The
antibiotic tetracycline cannot be taken with iron products
for this reason. Tetracycline also binds with calcium to
some extent and should not be taken with foods or other
drugs containing calcium. Grapefruit juice has been found
to affect liver enzyme systems for up to 48 hours after it
has been ingested. This can result in increased or
decreased serum levels of certain drugs. Many drugs
come with the warning that they should not be combined
with grapefruit juice. This drug-food interaction does not
take place in the stomach, so grapefruit juice needs to be
avoided the entire time the drug is being used, not just
while the drug is in the stomach.
, 3|Page
What disease processes should adrenergic
bronchodilators be used cautiously? - Answer-Heart failure
What drug class is a first line treatment in acute asthma? -
Answer-reducing environmental exposure to irritants such
as stopping smoking, filtering allergens from the air, and
avoiding exposure to known irritants and allergens
List adverse effects of corticosteroids. - Answer-short term
(<2wks):
Facial flushing, appetite stimulation, GI Irritation,
headache, mood changes (ranges from feeling of well
being to psychosis). Can worsen acne and possibly cause
weight gain due to sodium and water retention
long term (>2wks):
Anmenorrhea, aseptic necrosis of bone, cataracts,
centripetal obesity (fat body with thin limbs), growth failure,
hyperlipidemia, hypertension, immunosuppression, mood
disorders, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, seizures
RNSG 1301 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ (LATEST EXAM
VERSION!!!)
Describe the mechanism of action of corticosteroids on the
airway? - Answer-1) interfere w/ production of pro
inflammatory mediators (i.e. COX-2, bradykinin)
2) inhibition of innate immune system: interfere w/
migration of neutrophils to sites of infection
3) inhibition of acquired immune system- apoptosis of
activated T-lymphocytes- apoptosis of B-lymphocytes
(minimal effects on antibody production)
What are the cautions and contraindications for
decongestants such as oxymetazoline? - Answer-Cautions
& contraindications for decongestants:
Caution should be used when there is any lesion or
erosion in the mucous membranes that could lead to
,2|Page
systemic absorption. Caution should also be used in
patients with any condition that might be exacerbated by
sympathetic activity, such as glaucoma, hypertension,
diabetes, thyroid disease, coronary disease, or prostate
problems, because these agents have adrenergic
properties. Because there are no studies regarding the
effects of these topical drugs in pregnancy or lactation, if
used during pregnancy or lactation, caution is advised.
Compare and contrast mucolytics, decongestants,
expectorants, and antihistamines. - Answer-
List drug -food interactions of theophylline - Answer-The
antibiotic tetracycline cannot be taken with iron products
for this reason. Tetracycline also binds with calcium to
some extent and should not be taken with foods or other
drugs containing calcium. Grapefruit juice has been found
to affect liver enzyme systems for up to 48 hours after it
has been ingested. This can result in increased or
decreased serum levels of certain drugs. Many drugs
come with the warning that they should not be combined
with grapefruit juice. This drug-food interaction does not
take place in the stomach, so grapefruit juice needs to be
avoided the entire time the drug is being used, not just
while the drug is in the stomach.
, 3|Page
What disease processes should adrenergic
bronchodilators be used cautiously? - Answer-Heart failure
What drug class is a first line treatment in acute asthma? -
Answer-reducing environmental exposure to irritants such
as stopping smoking, filtering allergens from the air, and
avoiding exposure to known irritants and allergens
List adverse effects of corticosteroids. - Answer-short term
(<2wks):
Facial flushing, appetite stimulation, GI Irritation,
headache, mood changes (ranges from feeling of well
being to psychosis). Can worsen acne and possibly cause
weight gain due to sodium and water retention
long term (>2wks):
Anmenorrhea, aseptic necrosis of bone, cataracts,
centripetal obesity (fat body with thin limbs), growth failure,
hyperlipidemia, hypertension, immunosuppression, mood
disorders, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, seizures
