1
History
Grade 11
term 1 & 2
2025
June exam
Resources: @IMPAQ JUN2020, @IMPAQ JUN 2021, @ IMPAQ JUN 2022, GRADE 11 TASK 5:
ESSAY TASK_ 2023, @IMPAQ JUN 2023
Some information is repeated, I show you the different ways the same information is asked.
I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions.
For more notes from other subjects contact
IMPORTANT
The answers to the paragraph and essay questions in these notes are presented in bulleted
form to help you study and understand the most important facts more easily.
However, when you answer in a test or exam, you should develop these points into full
sentences and paragraphs. Use the bullet points as a guide to write your own flowing, well-
structured answers.
Good luck. Miss Ansie
CONTENTS
Communism in Russia 1900–1940 2
Marx and Lenin 2
Revolutions of 1917 7
Civil War and War Communism 14
Stalin: collectivization, industrialization, terror 21
Capitalism in the USA 1900–1940 23
The Great Depression 23
@Miss_Ansie
, 2
The New Deal by FDR 29
Evaluation of the New Deal 30
Ideas of Race 36
Racial theories 36
Australia or Nazi Germany 41
Nationalism 49
Afrikaner nationalism 49
Communism in Russia 1900–1940
Marx and Lenin
Study the sources below (1A – 1D)
SOURCE 1A: This source is an extract from an autobiographical summary of Karl Marx,
the father of communist ideology.
Karl Marx, full name Karl Heinrich Marx, (born May 5, 1818, Trier, Rhine Province, Prussia
[Germany]—died March 14, 1883, London, England), revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and
economist. He published (with Friedrich Engels) Manifesto der Kommunistischen Partei
(1848), commonly known as The Communist Manifesto, the most celebrated pamphlet in the
history of the socialist movement.
He was the author of the movement's most
important book, Das Kapital. This writing and
others by Marx and Engels formed the basis of
the philosophy known as Marxism, which they
soon adopted as their manifesto. It declared that
all human history is a history of class struggle,
succinctly summarized in The German Ideology,
which affirmed that the future victory of the
proletariat would forever put an end to class
division.
(Source: http://bit.ly/2VKkph9.Accessed on 5 February
2020.)
Who is called the Father of Communism? Karl Marx
In which important book was the philosophy of communism outlined? The Capital
@Miss_Ansie
, 3
The definition of communism.
All property is owned in common, and each person works and is paid according to his
ability. No classes.
SOURCE 1B: This source explains why Lenin introduced War Communism.
The Bolshevik party seized power in Russia in October 1917. Historians use the term “war
communism” for the economic system of Soviet Russia during the civil war that followed this
revolution. This term, not so called during the events, was first used when the civil war was at
its end. In the spring of 1921, while advocating a more liberal internal market, Lenin described
the system as “that strange (peculiar) war communism forced upon us by extreme needs,
destruction and war”.
He went on to define its essence as the
confiscation of all the peasants' food supplies to
feed the workers in the cities and the soldiers of
the Red Army. His intention was that war
communism should be only a temporary
phenomenon, not true communism, but only a
necessary evil, necessitated by the circumstances
of the war. His intention, therefore, was to distance
himself from it and introduce a more relaxed
regime, later known as the "New Economic Policy"
or NEP.
(Source: http://bit.ly/2x6Hq3q. Accessed on 6 February
2020)
Lenin's political party = Bolshevik Party.
War communising historical context
War Communism was a political policy in Russia in 1918 aimed at feeding the Red Army,
nationalization of business and industry, and the forced requisition of surplus grain and
other food from the peasantry by the state.
Was Lenin, according to him, a proponent of War Communism? Use evidence from the
source to explain your answer.
Yes, he was a proponent,
• He felt that this was necessary because of the war and to feed the Red Army.
• He calls it a 'necessary evil'.
OR
@Miss_Ansie
, 4
No, he is not a proponent,
• It was implemented because of the war – 'forced' upon him.
• He calls it 'the peculiar war communism'.
• He calls it 'not true communism'
Compare source 1A with source 1B. What important differences can you deduce
between Marx's communist ideology (source 1A) and Lenin's application of
communism (source 1B)?
• Marx's (source 1A) communist ideology implied that there should have been a
victory by the proletariat, but Lenin took power in Russia. (Source 1B.)
• Marx speaks of a classless society; in source 1B the peasants still suffer from war
communism.
Reasons why it was necessary for Lenin to introduce the NEP (NEB) in 1921.
• Famine, 5 million dead due to War Communism.
• Uprisings his policy - mutiny in Kronstadt in March 1921.
• War communism failed; new solutions were essential
Why do you think it is said that the NEP (NEB) was a “compromise with capitalism”?
Explain your answer with relevant examples.
• The NEB was not true communism, farmers could keep their products,
small businesses can be privately owned.
• Classes: Kulaks and Nepmans who became richer
________________________________________________________________
SOURCE 1C: This source explains the impact of Lenin's New Economic
Policy (NEP) implemented in 1921.
The New Economic Policy improved the Russian economy, but did not solve the economic
problems. Factories began to produce goods, but few people could buy them. Unemployment
grew as surplus workers were laid off. The export of grain brought in much-needed foreign
capital.
@Miss_Ansie
History
Grade 11
term 1 & 2
2025
June exam
Resources: @IMPAQ JUN2020, @IMPAQ JUN 2021, @ IMPAQ JUN 2022, GRADE 11 TASK 5:
ESSAY TASK_ 2023, @IMPAQ JUN 2023
Some information is repeated, I show you the different ways the same information is asked.
I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions.
For more notes from other subjects contact
IMPORTANT
The answers to the paragraph and essay questions in these notes are presented in bulleted
form to help you study and understand the most important facts more easily.
However, when you answer in a test or exam, you should develop these points into full
sentences and paragraphs. Use the bullet points as a guide to write your own flowing, well-
structured answers.
Good luck. Miss Ansie
CONTENTS
Communism in Russia 1900–1940 2
Marx and Lenin 2
Revolutions of 1917 7
Civil War and War Communism 14
Stalin: collectivization, industrialization, terror 21
Capitalism in the USA 1900–1940 23
The Great Depression 23
@Miss_Ansie
, 2
The New Deal by FDR 29
Evaluation of the New Deal 30
Ideas of Race 36
Racial theories 36
Australia or Nazi Germany 41
Nationalism 49
Afrikaner nationalism 49
Communism in Russia 1900–1940
Marx and Lenin
Study the sources below (1A – 1D)
SOURCE 1A: This source is an extract from an autobiographical summary of Karl Marx,
the father of communist ideology.
Karl Marx, full name Karl Heinrich Marx, (born May 5, 1818, Trier, Rhine Province, Prussia
[Germany]—died March 14, 1883, London, England), revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and
economist. He published (with Friedrich Engels) Manifesto der Kommunistischen Partei
(1848), commonly known as The Communist Manifesto, the most celebrated pamphlet in the
history of the socialist movement.
He was the author of the movement's most
important book, Das Kapital. This writing and
others by Marx and Engels formed the basis of
the philosophy known as Marxism, which they
soon adopted as their manifesto. It declared that
all human history is a history of class struggle,
succinctly summarized in The German Ideology,
which affirmed that the future victory of the
proletariat would forever put an end to class
division.
(Source: http://bit.ly/2VKkph9.Accessed on 5 February
2020.)
Who is called the Father of Communism? Karl Marx
In which important book was the philosophy of communism outlined? The Capital
@Miss_Ansie
, 3
The definition of communism.
All property is owned in common, and each person works and is paid according to his
ability. No classes.
SOURCE 1B: This source explains why Lenin introduced War Communism.
The Bolshevik party seized power in Russia in October 1917. Historians use the term “war
communism” for the economic system of Soviet Russia during the civil war that followed this
revolution. This term, not so called during the events, was first used when the civil war was at
its end. In the spring of 1921, while advocating a more liberal internal market, Lenin described
the system as “that strange (peculiar) war communism forced upon us by extreme needs,
destruction and war”.
He went on to define its essence as the
confiscation of all the peasants' food supplies to
feed the workers in the cities and the soldiers of
the Red Army. His intention was that war
communism should be only a temporary
phenomenon, not true communism, but only a
necessary evil, necessitated by the circumstances
of the war. His intention, therefore, was to distance
himself from it and introduce a more relaxed
regime, later known as the "New Economic Policy"
or NEP.
(Source: http://bit.ly/2x6Hq3q. Accessed on 6 February
2020)
Lenin's political party = Bolshevik Party.
War communising historical context
War Communism was a political policy in Russia in 1918 aimed at feeding the Red Army,
nationalization of business and industry, and the forced requisition of surplus grain and
other food from the peasantry by the state.
Was Lenin, according to him, a proponent of War Communism? Use evidence from the
source to explain your answer.
Yes, he was a proponent,
• He felt that this was necessary because of the war and to feed the Red Army.
• He calls it a 'necessary evil'.
OR
@Miss_Ansie
, 4
No, he is not a proponent,
• It was implemented because of the war – 'forced' upon him.
• He calls it 'the peculiar war communism'.
• He calls it 'not true communism'
Compare source 1A with source 1B. What important differences can you deduce
between Marx's communist ideology (source 1A) and Lenin's application of
communism (source 1B)?
• Marx's (source 1A) communist ideology implied that there should have been a
victory by the proletariat, but Lenin took power in Russia. (Source 1B.)
• Marx speaks of a classless society; in source 1B the peasants still suffer from war
communism.
Reasons why it was necessary for Lenin to introduce the NEP (NEB) in 1921.
• Famine, 5 million dead due to War Communism.
• Uprisings his policy - mutiny in Kronstadt in March 1921.
• War communism failed; new solutions were essential
Why do you think it is said that the NEP (NEB) was a “compromise with capitalism”?
Explain your answer with relevant examples.
• The NEB was not true communism, farmers could keep their products,
small businesses can be privately owned.
• Classes: Kulaks and Nepmans who became richer
________________________________________________________________
SOURCE 1C: This source explains the impact of Lenin's New Economic
Policy (NEP) implemented in 1921.
The New Economic Policy improved the Russian economy, but did not solve the economic
problems. Factories began to produce goods, but few people could buy them. Unemployment
grew as surplus workers were laid off. The export of grain brought in much-needed foreign
capital.
@Miss_Ansie
