ATI RN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL PROCTORED 2019 B EXAM LATEST UPDATED 2025
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a blood transfusion. The nurse observes that the
client has bounding peripheral pulses, hypertension, and distended jugular veins. The nurse should
anticipate administering which of the following prescribed medications?
Diphenhydramine
Acetaminophen
Pantoprazole
Furosemide
Rationale: S/S may indicate fluid retention or heart failure. It is important to administer diuretics
to prevent cardiovascular/respiratory distress.
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate IV for the treatment of
hypomagnesemia. Which of the following findings indicates effectiveness of the medication?
Lungs clear
Apical pulse 82/min
Hyperactive bowel sounds
Blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg
Rationale: pg. 278 Confirmed on answer sheet
A nurse is reviewing a client’s ABG results pH 7.42, PaC02 30 mm Hg, and HCO3 21 mEq/L. The
nurse should recognize these findings as indication of which of the following conditions?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Compensated respiratory alkalosis
Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
Rationale: because the HCO3 21 trying to compensate for respiratory alkalosis.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a deep partial thickness burns over 15% of her body which
of the following labs should the nurse expect during the first 24 hours
Decreased BUN (elevated due to fluid loss)
Hypoglycemia (High due to stress)
Hypoalbuminemia (Low due to fluid loss)
,Decreased Hematocrit (Elevated due to 3rd spacing during resuscitation phase) Rationale: Pg. 481
ATI. Total protein and albumin- low due to fluid loss.
A nurse is caring for a client who has dumping syndrome following a gastrectomy, which of the
following actions should the nurse takes?
Offer the client high carbohydrate meal options (High fat, high protein, low fiber, low to moderate
carbs page 317, chapter 49 Peptic ulcer disease med surg ATI PDF 10.0)
Provide the client with four full meals a day (Small frequent meals)
Encourage the client to drink at least 360 ml of fluids with meals (Eliminate liquids with meals for
1 hr. prior and following a meal)
Have the client lie down for 30 minutes after meals (Lying down after a meal slows the movement
of food within the intestines)
Rationale: ATI pg. 318 Dumping syndromes is a term that refers to a constellation of vasomotor
symptoms that occurs after eating, especially following a Billroth II procedure. Early
manifestations usually occur within 30 minutes of eating and include vertigo, tachycardia,
syncope, sweating, pallor, palpitations, and the desire to lie down. The nurse should instruct the
client to decrease the
amount of fluid taken at meals and to avoid high-carbohydrate foods, including fluids such as fruit
nectars; to assume a low-Fowler's position during meals; to lie down for 30 minutes after eating
to delay gastric emptying; and to take antispasmodics as prescribed.
A nurse is assessing a client who is 12hr postoperative following a colon resection. Which of the
following findings should the nurse report to the surgeon?
Heart rate 90/min
Absent bowel sounds
Hgb 8.2 g/dl
Gastric pH of 3.0
Rationale: Normal Hgb is 13-18M g/dl, 12-16 g/dl. This may indicate a possible hemorrhaging.
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus. Which of the following medications
should the nurse plan to administer?
Desmopressin
Regular insulin
Furosemide
Lithium carbonate
,Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus has decreased ADH. Administer Desmopressin/Vasopressin increase
ADH and to stop patient on urinating.
A nurse is admitting a client who has arthritic pain and reports taking ibuprofen several times
daily for 3 years. Which of the following test should the nurse monitor?
Fasting blood glucose
Stool for occult blood - GI bleed
Urine for white blood cells
Serum calcium
Rationale: ATI Pharm 16. Pg. 485 Ibuprofen (NSAIDs) monitor for GI bleed (bloody, tarry stools,
abdominal pain).
A nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client. Which of the following actions should
the nurse take first (Click on the “Exhibit” button for additional information about the client. There
are three tabs that contain separate categories of data.)
Obtain a sputum sample for culture
Prepare the client for a chest x-ray
Initiate airborne precautions
Administer ondansetron.
Rationale: No idea what the Exhibit is all about; won’t be able to answer it.
A nurse is contacting the provider for a client who has cancer and is experiencing breakthrough
pain. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?
Transmucosal fentanyl
Intramuscular meperidine
Oral acetaminophen
Intravenous dexamethasone
Rationale: ATI pg. 27 Morphine sulfate and fentanyl are opioid agents used to treat moderate to
severe pain. A short-acting pain medication is administered for breakthrough pain.
A nurse is admitting a client who reports chest pain and has been placed on a telemetry monitor.
Which of the following should the nurse analyze to determine whether the client is experiencing a
myocardial infarction?
PR interval
QRS duration
, T wave
ST segment
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a blood transfusion. The nurse observes that the
client has bounding peripheral pulses, hypertension, and distended jugular veins. The nurse should
anticipate administering which of the following prescribed medications?
Diphenhydramine
Acetaminophen
Pantoprazole
Furosemide
Rationale: S/S may indicate fluid retention or heart failure. It is important to administer diuretics
to prevent cardiovascular/respiratory distress.
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate IV for the treatment of
hypomagnesemia. Which of the following findings indicates effectiveness of the medication?
Lungs clear
Apical pulse 82/min
Hyperactive bowel sounds
Blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg
Rationale: pg. 278 Confirmed on answer sheet
A nurse is reviewing a client’s ABG results pH 7.42, PaC02 30 mm Hg, and HCO3 21 mEq/L. The
nurse should recognize these findings as indication of which of the following conditions?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Compensated respiratory alkalosis
Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
Rationale: because the HCO3 21 trying to compensate for respiratory alkalosis.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a deep partial thickness burns over 15% of her body which
of the following labs should the nurse expect during the first 24 hours
Decreased BUN (elevated due to fluid loss)
Hypoglycemia (High due to stress)
Hypoalbuminemia (Low due to fluid loss)
,Decreased Hematocrit (Elevated due to 3rd spacing during resuscitation phase) Rationale: Pg. 481
ATI. Total protein and albumin- low due to fluid loss.
A nurse is caring for a client who has dumping syndrome following a gastrectomy, which of the
following actions should the nurse takes?
Offer the client high carbohydrate meal options (High fat, high protein, low fiber, low to moderate
carbs page 317, chapter 49 Peptic ulcer disease med surg ATI PDF 10.0)
Provide the client with four full meals a day (Small frequent meals)
Encourage the client to drink at least 360 ml of fluids with meals (Eliminate liquids with meals for
1 hr. prior and following a meal)
Have the client lie down for 30 minutes after meals (Lying down after a meal slows the movement
of food within the intestines)
Rationale: ATI pg. 318 Dumping syndromes is a term that refers to a constellation of vasomotor
symptoms that occurs after eating, especially following a Billroth II procedure. Early
manifestations usually occur within 30 minutes of eating and include vertigo, tachycardia,
syncope, sweating, pallor, palpitations, and the desire to lie down. The nurse should instruct the
client to decrease the
amount of fluid taken at meals and to avoid high-carbohydrate foods, including fluids such as fruit
nectars; to assume a low-Fowler's position during meals; to lie down for 30 minutes after eating
to delay gastric emptying; and to take antispasmodics as prescribed.
A nurse is assessing a client who is 12hr postoperative following a colon resection. Which of the
following findings should the nurse report to the surgeon?
Heart rate 90/min
Absent bowel sounds
Hgb 8.2 g/dl
Gastric pH of 3.0
Rationale: Normal Hgb is 13-18M g/dl, 12-16 g/dl. This may indicate a possible hemorrhaging.
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus. Which of the following medications
should the nurse plan to administer?
Desmopressin
Regular insulin
Furosemide
Lithium carbonate
,Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus has decreased ADH. Administer Desmopressin/Vasopressin increase
ADH and to stop patient on urinating.
A nurse is admitting a client who has arthritic pain and reports taking ibuprofen several times
daily for 3 years. Which of the following test should the nurse monitor?
Fasting blood glucose
Stool for occult blood - GI bleed
Urine for white blood cells
Serum calcium
Rationale: ATI Pharm 16. Pg. 485 Ibuprofen (NSAIDs) monitor for GI bleed (bloody, tarry stools,
abdominal pain).
A nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client. Which of the following actions should
the nurse take first (Click on the “Exhibit” button for additional information about the client. There
are three tabs that contain separate categories of data.)
Obtain a sputum sample for culture
Prepare the client for a chest x-ray
Initiate airborne precautions
Administer ondansetron.
Rationale: No idea what the Exhibit is all about; won’t be able to answer it.
A nurse is contacting the provider for a client who has cancer and is experiencing breakthrough
pain. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?
Transmucosal fentanyl
Intramuscular meperidine
Oral acetaminophen
Intravenous dexamethasone
Rationale: ATI pg. 27 Morphine sulfate and fentanyl are opioid agents used to treat moderate to
severe pain. A short-acting pain medication is administered for breakthrough pain.
A nurse is admitting a client who reports chest pain and has been placed on a telemetry monitor.
Which of the following should the nurse analyze to determine whether the client is experiencing a
myocardial infarction?
PR interval
QRS duration
, T wave
ST segment
