Exam 2: NUR2474/ NUR 2474 (Latest 2024/ 2025
Update) Pharmacology | Complete Guide | Questions
and Verified Answers| Grade A | 100% Correct-
Rasmussen
Verapamil in combination with a beta block 'lol'? - ANSWERIncreased risk for
interaction
Which information should the nurse include in client education regarding a
cholesterol-lowering agent? - ANSWER"You should continue your exercise program
to increase your high-density lipoprotein (HLD) serum.
What would the nurse expect has occurred with a client who has taken senna for
several days and now experiencing yellowish-brownish urea? - ANSWERExpected
effect of the medication (Anthraquinone's in laxatives such as senna, change urine to
brown, yellow, or orange.)
Verapamil can elevate? - ANSWERdigoxin levels
Client took too much warfarin normal vitals and no petechiae - ANSWERExpect DR to
order pt INR
Patient on warfarin and levels of INR 4.7 - ANSWERBest action is to hold dose and
notify physician
Heparin post op and APTT is 120 BP 90/50 - ANSWERExpect Dr to order protamine
sulfate
Post surgery patient is pale and fatigued HR98 RR20 BP 100/50 - ANSWERExpect
provider to order hemoglobin and hematocrit
Aspirin prevents - ANSWERplatelet aggregation
Amiodarone - ANSWERis a positum channel blocker it is given for Aflutter to prevent
recurrence. Levels can be increased by grapefruit juice and toxicity can result.
Amiodarone levels can be reduced by cholestyramine.
Propranolol - ANSWERis a beta adrenergic blocker non selective given for recurrent
ventricular tachycardia. Question the order if patient has asthma as it can cause
bronchospasm.
Stage B Heart failure - ANSWERCaptopril for reduced EF or ejection fraction and
symptomatic
Normal GFR - ANSWER90-120
,If GFR is <20 - ANSWERrisk of digoxin toxicity is greater
If digoxin level is 2.5 ng/ml - ANSWERhold dose and contact healthcare provider
Always check apical pulse before - ANSWERgiving digoxin
Torsades De pointes - ANSWERGive IV magnesium
Digoxin therapeutic range - ANSWER0.5-0.8
Normal potassium level - ANSWERis 3.5 to 5
Furosemide effective if - ANSWEROutput is greater than input
Hypertension BP150/90 crackles bibasilar, 2+ edema, distended jugular veins -
ANSWERExpect order furosemide (loop diuretic)
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension - ANSWERAnticipate order for ace inhibitor
Patient has cough for 3 days that is non productive after starting lisinopril -
ANSWERStop lisinopril and start losartan
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) - ANSWERDO NOT promote accumulation of
bradykinin in the lung and therefore have lower instance of cough
Losartan - ANSWERis an angiotensin 2 receptor blocker adverse effects are
angioedema, fetal harm and renal failure
Patient with 2+ pitting edema In bilateral lower extremities, bibasilar crackles and
potassium of 6 - ANSWERQuestion it if Dr orders spironolactone which is a potassium
sparing drug
APTT normal levels - ANSWER40 seconds (60 to 80 if on heparin)
Methyldopa and labetalol - ANSWERare drugs of choice for treating chronic
hypertension of pregnancy
Hypertension is the most common complication of - ANSWERpregnancy
Nitroprusside (IV) - ANSWERis the drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies
A severe hypertensive emergency exists when diastolic - ANSWERDiastolic BP
exceeds 120 mm Hg and there is ongoing end organ damage
Lack of patient adherence - ANSWERis the major cause of treatment failure in
antihypertensive therapy
, Dosages of antihypertensive drugs - ANSWERshould be low initially and increased
gradually. This approach minimizes adverse effects and permits baroreceptors to rest
to a lower pressure
When a combination of a drug is used - ANSWEReach drug should have a different
mechanism of action
Thiazide diuretics - ANSWERare preferred drugs for initial therapy of uncomplicated
hypertension
Aldosterone antagonists lower BP by - ANSWERPreventing aldosterone mediated
retention of sodium and water in the kidneys
Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, nifedipine) reduce BP by - ANSWERpromoting
dilation of arterioles
Untreated hypertension can lead to - ANSWERheart disease, kidney disease, and
stroke
Patients older than 50 elevated systolic BP - ANSWERrepresents a greater
cardiovascular risk than elevated diastolic BP
Primary hypertension (essential hypertension) - ANSWERdefined as hypertension
with no identified cause is the most common form of hypertension.
The goal of antihypertensive therapy - ANSWERis to decrease morbidity and
mortality without decreasing quality of life. For most patients this goal is achieved by
maintaining a BP of between 120/80 and 130/80 mm Hg
Diltiazem - ANSWERis used for treating dysrhythmias
Hypertension is defined as - ANSWERSBP greater than 130 mm Hg or DBP greater
than 80 mm Hg.
To reduce BP, two types of treatment may be used - ANSWERdrug therapy and
lifestyle modification (smoking cessation, reduction of salt and alcohol intake,
following the DASH diet, and increasing aerobic exercise).
Thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics reduce BP in two ways - ANSWERthey reduce
blood volume (by promoting diuresis) and they reduce arterial resistance (by an
unknown mechanism).
Loop diuretics should be reserved for - ANSWER(1) patients who need greater
diuresis than can be achieved with thiazides and (2) patients with a low GFR
(because thiazides do not work when GFR is low).
Update) Pharmacology | Complete Guide | Questions
and Verified Answers| Grade A | 100% Correct-
Rasmussen
Verapamil in combination with a beta block 'lol'? - ANSWERIncreased risk for
interaction
Which information should the nurse include in client education regarding a
cholesterol-lowering agent? - ANSWER"You should continue your exercise program
to increase your high-density lipoprotein (HLD) serum.
What would the nurse expect has occurred with a client who has taken senna for
several days and now experiencing yellowish-brownish urea? - ANSWERExpected
effect of the medication (Anthraquinone's in laxatives such as senna, change urine to
brown, yellow, or orange.)
Verapamil can elevate? - ANSWERdigoxin levels
Client took too much warfarin normal vitals and no petechiae - ANSWERExpect DR to
order pt INR
Patient on warfarin and levels of INR 4.7 - ANSWERBest action is to hold dose and
notify physician
Heparin post op and APTT is 120 BP 90/50 - ANSWERExpect Dr to order protamine
sulfate
Post surgery patient is pale and fatigued HR98 RR20 BP 100/50 - ANSWERExpect
provider to order hemoglobin and hematocrit
Aspirin prevents - ANSWERplatelet aggregation
Amiodarone - ANSWERis a positum channel blocker it is given for Aflutter to prevent
recurrence. Levels can be increased by grapefruit juice and toxicity can result.
Amiodarone levels can be reduced by cholestyramine.
Propranolol - ANSWERis a beta adrenergic blocker non selective given for recurrent
ventricular tachycardia. Question the order if patient has asthma as it can cause
bronchospasm.
Stage B Heart failure - ANSWERCaptopril for reduced EF or ejection fraction and
symptomatic
Normal GFR - ANSWER90-120
,If GFR is <20 - ANSWERrisk of digoxin toxicity is greater
If digoxin level is 2.5 ng/ml - ANSWERhold dose and contact healthcare provider
Always check apical pulse before - ANSWERgiving digoxin
Torsades De pointes - ANSWERGive IV magnesium
Digoxin therapeutic range - ANSWER0.5-0.8
Normal potassium level - ANSWERis 3.5 to 5
Furosemide effective if - ANSWEROutput is greater than input
Hypertension BP150/90 crackles bibasilar, 2+ edema, distended jugular veins -
ANSWERExpect order furosemide (loop diuretic)
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension - ANSWERAnticipate order for ace inhibitor
Patient has cough for 3 days that is non productive after starting lisinopril -
ANSWERStop lisinopril and start losartan
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) - ANSWERDO NOT promote accumulation of
bradykinin in the lung and therefore have lower instance of cough
Losartan - ANSWERis an angiotensin 2 receptor blocker adverse effects are
angioedema, fetal harm and renal failure
Patient with 2+ pitting edema In bilateral lower extremities, bibasilar crackles and
potassium of 6 - ANSWERQuestion it if Dr orders spironolactone which is a potassium
sparing drug
APTT normal levels - ANSWER40 seconds (60 to 80 if on heparin)
Methyldopa and labetalol - ANSWERare drugs of choice for treating chronic
hypertension of pregnancy
Hypertension is the most common complication of - ANSWERpregnancy
Nitroprusside (IV) - ANSWERis the drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies
A severe hypertensive emergency exists when diastolic - ANSWERDiastolic BP
exceeds 120 mm Hg and there is ongoing end organ damage
Lack of patient adherence - ANSWERis the major cause of treatment failure in
antihypertensive therapy
, Dosages of antihypertensive drugs - ANSWERshould be low initially and increased
gradually. This approach minimizes adverse effects and permits baroreceptors to rest
to a lower pressure
When a combination of a drug is used - ANSWEReach drug should have a different
mechanism of action
Thiazide diuretics - ANSWERare preferred drugs for initial therapy of uncomplicated
hypertension
Aldosterone antagonists lower BP by - ANSWERPreventing aldosterone mediated
retention of sodium and water in the kidneys
Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, nifedipine) reduce BP by - ANSWERpromoting
dilation of arterioles
Untreated hypertension can lead to - ANSWERheart disease, kidney disease, and
stroke
Patients older than 50 elevated systolic BP - ANSWERrepresents a greater
cardiovascular risk than elevated diastolic BP
Primary hypertension (essential hypertension) - ANSWERdefined as hypertension
with no identified cause is the most common form of hypertension.
The goal of antihypertensive therapy - ANSWERis to decrease morbidity and
mortality without decreasing quality of life. For most patients this goal is achieved by
maintaining a BP of between 120/80 and 130/80 mm Hg
Diltiazem - ANSWERis used for treating dysrhythmias
Hypertension is defined as - ANSWERSBP greater than 130 mm Hg or DBP greater
than 80 mm Hg.
To reduce BP, two types of treatment may be used - ANSWERdrug therapy and
lifestyle modification (smoking cessation, reduction of salt and alcohol intake,
following the DASH diet, and increasing aerobic exercise).
Thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics reduce BP in two ways - ANSWERthey reduce
blood volume (by promoting diuresis) and they reduce arterial resistance (by an
unknown mechanism).
Loop diuretics should be reserved for - ANSWER(1) patients who need greater
diuresis than can be achieved with thiazides and (2) patients with a low GFR
(because thiazides do not work when GFR is low).
