Week 1: Readings
Kolb: The parietal lobe
374-397
left parietal lobe damage:
addition error (arithmetic)
trouble reaching for things + copy movemet sequeces difficulties
simple manipulations difficult → confuse left and right
function:
process and integrate somatosensory visual info (especially control movement
involved)
controls visuomotor movement guidance in egocentric (viewre centered psace)
movement control most obvious in reaching and eye movements
Parietal Lobe Anatomy:
Subdivisions of the Parietal Cortex:
parietal region lies between frontal and occipital lobe and demacrcated lateral=
Sylvanian fissure
central fissure determine mark to occipital lobe
anterior zone parietal lobe= 3,2,1 area= somatosensory cortex
posterior parietal cortex→alles dahinter
superior temporal sulcus (STS) → respond to various combinations auditory,
somatosensory, visual input
polymodal = somatosensory and visual inputs respond
larger area PG on right than on the left (and possible STS)
→ unique visual symptoms for right lesions
larger left hemisphere PG for humans than for monkeys
→ uique deficits in humans which monkey would not have → can not compare
parietal regions of dorsal stream take part in vsual processing
→ intraparietal sulcus and parietal reach region
PRR has role visually guided grasp movement
saccade= series abprupt and rapid small movements made by both eyes
Connections of the Parietal Cortex:
anterior parietal cortex (primary somatosensory cortex → secondary somatosensory
area PE= area 5
secomdary somatosensory are PE has tactile recognition function and motor areas
in forntal lobe area 4 and 6 which are for motor
Area PE = somatosensory
receive most info from primary somatosensory cortex (3,2,1)
send outputs to primary motor cortex (area 4), SMA and premotor (6,8)+ PF
,provide info about limb position
Area PF
heavy input primary somatosensory
elaborate information for motor systems
Area PG (part of 7 and visual areas)
part of sorsal stream for guided behavior inclusing visual and tactile info
receive more compelx info
PG ad PF are posterior pariatal cortex + prefrontal (area46) → cotrol spatially
guided behavior
Anatomy of the Dorsal Stream:
from occipital cortex to posterior parietal regions = where pathway
parieto premotor= dorsal stream = how pathway → goal is to guide visuospatial
through motor output = visual guidance of movement
parieto prefrontal → visuospatial working memory
parieto medial pathway→ flow directly to hippocampus = spatial navigation
posterior parietal cortex contribute to dorsal stream → nonconscious visuospatial
behavior (reach and grasp) = cognitive like spatial orietation, mental rotation
A Theory of Parietal Lobe Fuction:
anterior (somatosensory)
somatic sensations and perceptions
ad posterior (spatial)
integrate sensory input from somatic and visual regions to control movements
role for mental imagery = creating a brain map → map topographically bc thats how
it appears for us but more likely is a series of neural representations of space that
vary in 2 ways:
different represetations serve different behavioral needs
spatial representations vary from simple movements to abstract topographic
knowledge
Behvaioral Uses of Spatial Information:
Object Recognition:
details of objects themselves are improtant + behavior, viewer centered visuomotor
control
temproal lobe code relational properties of objects → object centered system (size,
shape color)
Movement Guidance:
projections from posterior parietal region to frontal lobe→ motor structures for the
eyes
connection to prefrontal → for short term memory
posterior parital lobe important for visuomotor guidance
transform sensory inof into commands for direct attention and guide motor output
→ active during sensory encouter and motor control
posterior parietal lesion:
,difficulty detect sensory events
impair movement guidance → optic ataxia (common)
impaired at distinguishing left from right
impaired at mental manipulations → arithmatic, reading
Sensorimotor Transformation:
neural calculations (sensimotor transformation) integrating movements and give
sensory feedback → constantly update as body moves
posterior parietal cortex → signal sensory and moevemnts we make
PRR active for sesired goal of movement
Spatial Navigation:
route knowledge = internal list = mental list of spatial location /cognitive map
(dorsal visual stream neurons participate)
medial parietal region (MPR), PRR, posterior cingulate cortex, parieto mediotemproal
pathway in dorsal stream
PRR control limb movements to locations
MPR control body movements to locations
→ medial parietal lesion: become lost and fail navigate
The Complexity of Spatial Information:
parietal lobe functions
recognize objects and guide movements
complexity
Spatial Cognitions and White Matter Organization:
posterior pariteal cortex caries out mental transformations like object rotation +
ability to imagine objects in different views
intrapariteal sulcus determines success
Other Parietal Lobe Functions:
acalculia= inability prform mathematical operations
temporparietal junction: end of Sylvian fissure → temproal and parietal lobes meet
syntax becomes important → udnerstand individual but not whole (language= quasi
spatial) and if have parietal lobe damage→ difficulty copy movement sequences
Somatosesory Symptomps of Parietal Lesions:
damage poscentral gyrus (3,2,1→ primary somatosensory cortex)
Somatosensory thresholds:
lesion in postcentral gyrus: high sensory thresholds, impaired position sense
stereognosis: tactile perception
afferent paresis= loss of kinesthetic feedback = grobhändig
Somato perceptual Disorders
astereognosis: inability to recognize nature of an object by touch = anterior parietal
simultaneous extinction: person can not perceive each individual sensory
impression → need to show at same time and the notice one
damage right parietal lobe or secondary somatic cortex (PE and PF) : =
constructional apraxia
, extinction: failure to report one stimulus
Numb Touch:
blindsight: visually impaired patients can identify the location of a visual stimulus
even though deny seeing it
numb touch is the same for tactile stimuli
2 tactile systems → one for detection and other for localization
Somatosensory Agnosias:
asomatognosia= loss of sense own body or body condition
→ anosognosia: denial of illness
→ anosodiaphoria= indifference to illness
→ autopagnosia = inability localize or name body parts→ usually left parietal cortex
lesion
most often finger agnosia = unable point to fingers on hand
→ assymbolia for pain = absence typical reaction for pain
most common in left side to to right hemisphere lesions
Symptomps of Posterior Parietal Damage: → interfere visual guidance hand and
limb movements
Balits Syndrome:
able move eyes but not fixate on specific stimuli
Simultagnosia
if direct attention to one stimulus he is not able to perceive other stimuli → limited to
one
Optic ataxia
not able to make visually guided movements
misreach for tagets located i nearby space
PE area lesion (superior parietal lesion) :
deficits eye gaze and visually guided reaching
→(inferior parietal lesion) does not have optic ataxia
Contralateral neglect and Other Symptomps of Right Parietal Lesions:
Contralateral Neglect: = right parietal lesion
neglect left side of body and world
ignore tactile sesation on left side body = defective sensation/perception
constructional apraxia= impaired to combine blocks to form designs
topographic disability
recovery = 2 stages→ allesthesia= begin to respnd to stimuli on neglected side +
simultaneous extinction
/Object Recognition:
impaired in showing objects from unfamiliar views
no ability to rotate spatially
The Gerstmann Syndrome and Other Left Parietal Symptomps:
finger agnosia , acalculia
agraphia: inability to write
Kolb: The parietal lobe
374-397
left parietal lobe damage:
addition error (arithmetic)
trouble reaching for things + copy movemet sequeces difficulties
simple manipulations difficult → confuse left and right
function:
process and integrate somatosensory visual info (especially control movement
involved)
controls visuomotor movement guidance in egocentric (viewre centered psace)
movement control most obvious in reaching and eye movements
Parietal Lobe Anatomy:
Subdivisions of the Parietal Cortex:
parietal region lies between frontal and occipital lobe and demacrcated lateral=
Sylvanian fissure
central fissure determine mark to occipital lobe
anterior zone parietal lobe= 3,2,1 area= somatosensory cortex
posterior parietal cortex→alles dahinter
superior temporal sulcus (STS) → respond to various combinations auditory,
somatosensory, visual input
polymodal = somatosensory and visual inputs respond
larger area PG on right than on the left (and possible STS)
→ unique visual symptoms for right lesions
larger left hemisphere PG for humans than for monkeys
→ uique deficits in humans which monkey would not have → can not compare
parietal regions of dorsal stream take part in vsual processing
→ intraparietal sulcus and parietal reach region
PRR has role visually guided grasp movement
saccade= series abprupt and rapid small movements made by both eyes
Connections of the Parietal Cortex:
anterior parietal cortex (primary somatosensory cortex → secondary somatosensory
area PE= area 5
secomdary somatosensory are PE has tactile recognition function and motor areas
in forntal lobe area 4 and 6 which are for motor
Area PE = somatosensory
receive most info from primary somatosensory cortex (3,2,1)
send outputs to primary motor cortex (area 4), SMA and premotor (6,8)+ PF
,provide info about limb position
Area PF
heavy input primary somatosensory
elaborate information for motor systems
Area PG (part of 7 and visual areas)
part of sorsal stream for guided behavior inclusing visual and tactile info
receive more compelx info
PG ad PF are posterior pariatal cortex + prefrontal (area46) → cotrol spatially
guided behavior
Anatomy of the Dorsal Stream:
from occipital cortex to posterior parietal regions = where pathway
parieto premotor= dorsal stream = how pathway → goal is to guide visuospatial
through motor output = visual guidance of movement
parieto prefrontal → visuospatial working memory
parieto medial pathway→ flow directly to hippocampus = spatial navigation
posterior parietal cortex contribute to dorsal stream → nonconscious visuospatial
behavior (reach and grasp) = cognitive like spatial orietation, mental rotation
A Theory of Parietal Lobe Fuction:
anterior (somatosensory)
somatic sensations and perceptions
ad posterior (spatial)
integrate sensory input from somatic and visual regions to control movements
role for mental imagery = creating a brain map → map topographically bc thats how
it appears for us but more likely is a series of neural representations of space that
vary in 2 ways:
different represetations serve different behavioral needs
spatial representations vary from simple movements to abstract topographic
knowledge
Behvaioral Uses of Spatial Information:
Object Recognition:
details of objects themselves are improtant + behavior, viewer centered visuomotor
control
temproal lobe code relational properties of objects → object centered system (size,
shape color)
Movement Guidance:
projections from posterior parietal region to frontal lobe→ motor structures for the
eyes
connection to prefrontal → for short term memory
posterior parital lobe important for visuomotor guidance
transform sensory inof into commands for direct attention and guide motor output
→ active during sensory encouter and motor control
posterior parietal lesion:
,difficulty detect sensory events
impair movement guidance → optic ataxia (common)
impaired at distinguishing left from right
impaired at mental manipulations → arithmatic, reading
Sensorimotor Transformation:
neural calculations (sensimotor transformation) integrating movements and give
sensory feedback → constantly update as body moves
posterior parietal cortex → signal sensory and moevemnts we make
PRR active for sesired goal of movement
Spatial Navigation:
route knowledge = internal list = mental list of spatial location /cognitive map
(dorsal visual stream neurons participate)
medial parietal region (MPR), PRR, posterior cingulate cortex, parieto mediotemproal
pathway in dorsal stream
PRR control limb movements to locations
MPR control body movements to locations
→ medial parietal lesion: become lost and fail navigate
The Complexity of Spatial Information:
parietal lobe functions
recognize objects and guide movements
complexity
Spatial Cognitions and White Matter Organization:
posterior pariteal cortex caries out mental transformations like object rotation +
ability to imagine objects in different views
intrapariteal sulcus determines success
Other Parietal Lobe Functions:
acalculia= inability prform mathematical operations
temporparietal junction: end of Sylvian fissure → temproal and parietal lobes meet
syntax becomes important → udnerstand individual but not whole (language= quasi
spatial) and if have parietal lobe damage→ difficulty copy movement sequences
Somatosesory Symptomps of Parietal Lesions:
damage poscentral gyrus (3,2,1→ primary somatosensory cortex)
Somatosensory thresholds:
lesion in postcentral gyrus: high sensory thresholds, impaired position sense
stereognosis: tactile perception
afferent paresis= loss of kinesthetic feedback = grobhändig
Somato perceptual Disorders
astereognosis: inability to recognize nature of an object by touch = anterior parietal
simultaneous extinction: person can not perceive each individual sensory
impression → need to show at same time and the notice one
damage right parietal lobe or secondary somatic cortex (PE and PF) : =
constructional apraxia
, extinction: failure to report one stimulus
Numb Touch:
blindsight: visually impaired patients can identify the location of a visual stimulus
even though deny seeing it
numb touch is the same for tactile stimuli
2 tactile systems → one for detection and other for localization
Somatosensory Agnosias:
asomatognosia= loss of sense own body or body condition
→ anosognosia: denial of illness
→ anosodiaphoria= indifference to illness
→ autopagnosia = inability localize or name body parts→ usually left parietal cortex
lesion
most often finger agnosia = unable point to fingers on hand
→ assymbolia for pain = absence typical reaction for pain
most common in left side to to right hemisphere lesions
Symptomps of Posterior Parietal Damage: → interfere visual guidance hand and
limb movements
Balits Syndrome:
able move eyes but not fixate on specific stimuli
Simultagnosia
if direct attention to one stimulus he is not able to perceive other stimuli → limited to
one
Optic ataxia
not able to make visually guided movements
misreach for tagets located i nearby space
PE area lesion (superior parietal lesion) :
deficits eye gaze and visually guided reaching
→(inferior parietal lesion) does not have optic ataxia
Contralateral neglect and Other Symptomps of Right Parietal Lesions:
Contralateral Neglect: = right parietal lesion
neglect left side of body and world
ignore tactile sesation on left side body = defective sensation/perception
constructional apraxia= impaired to combine blocks to form designs
topographic disability
recovery = 2 stages→ allesthesia= begin to respnd to stimuli on neglected side +
simultaneous extinction
/Object Recognition:
impaired in showing objects from unfamiliar views
no ability to rotate spatially
The Gerstmann Syndrome and Other Left Parietal Symptomps:
finger agnosia , acalculia
agraphia: inability to write
