General Chemistry notes

Gen Chem 2 CHEM112 & 113 : Chapter 11: solids and liquids Penn State University Notes, definitions, diagrams, practice examples, and exam prep

The half-life of a reaction, t1/2, is the amount of time needed for a reactant concentration to decrease by half compared to its initial concentration. Its application is used in chemistry and medicine to predict the concentration of a substance over time.

Reaction rate, in chemistry, the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds. It is often expressed in terms of either the concentration (amount per unit volume) of a product that is formed in a unit of time or the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a unit of time.

Collision theory, theory used to predict the rates of chemical reactions, particularly for gases. The collision theory is based on the assumption that for a reaction to occur it is necessary for the reacting species (atoms or molecules) to come together or collide with one another.There are three important parts to collision theory, that reacting substances must collide, that they must collide with enough energy and that they must collide with the correct orientation.

The rate law is a differential equation, meaning that it describes the change in concentration of reactant(s) per change in time. Using calculus, the rate law can be integrated to obtain an integrated rate equation that links concentrations of reactants or products with time directly.

Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical equilibrium.